Habilidades psicomotoras em anestesia: comparação dos relatos de turmas em dois currículos médicos

OBJECTIVE: Since 1990, the Evaluation Program for Undergraduate Medical Teachingat Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul has been conducting a systematic survey to establish the opportunities granted to students to develop psychomotor skills inseveral areas. For this purpose, the students answer questionnaires at the beginningand at the end of clinical rotating internships. The aim of the present work was toassess the reports of students concerning the development of such skills during theanesthesia internship before and after a curriculum reform.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We documented 18 basic tasks performed by studentsduring the anesthesia internship. We compared the answers of 7th semester trainees(1991, old curriculum) with the answers of 10th semester trainees (1996, new curriculum).The questionnaires were applied on the first and on the last day of internship.RESULTS: Out of 18 tasks, 13 were not statistically different between the groups; in 4(blood loss estimation, installation of IVs, intravenous administration of fluids, andtransportation of unconscious patients), the old curriculum group reported significantlyhigher exposure prior to the internship; in one skill the reference to previous exposureto these tasks was higher in the new curriculum.CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that the perception of students concerningtheir previous experience with the psychomotor skills required for the tasks under analysistended to make them overestimate their technical skills. In 10th semester new curriculumstudents, this attitude changed significantly: students referred less to previousexperience, and seemed more motivated to develop activities that were specificallyrelated to anesthesia during the internship.OBJETIVO: O Núcleo de Avaliação do Ensino Médico da Faculdade de Medicina daUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul vem, desde 1990, aplicando questionáriosaos alunos da graduação nas fases pré e pós-realização de estágios rotatórios dociclo clínico, para estabelecer o nível de oportunidades de treinamento psicomotorem diversas áreas de ensino. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar os resultados dotreinamento em habilidades psicomotoras em estágios de Anestesia em alunos quefizeram o estágio antes e depois de uma reforma curricular.MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram documentados os levantamentos de 18 habilidadesmínimas, acessíveis ao aluno na rotina do estágio em Anestesia da disciplina deCirurgia, realizados, respectivamente, com a última geração de alunos da disciplinaMED305 (sétimo semestre, em 1991) e a nova MED03377 (décimo semestre, em1996). O levantamento de dados ocorreu mediante aplicação de questionários noprimeiro e último dia de realização do estágio, já validados para essa finalidade.RESULTADOS: Das 18 habilidades, 13 não apresentaram diferença estatisticamentesignificativa entre as turmas; em quatro habilidades foi referida uma exposição préviasignificativamente superior no currículo antigo (estimativa de perdas sangüíneas,instalação de soro, administração intravenosa de fluidos e transporte do pacienteinconsciente); em apenas uma habilidade houve referência à exposição préviasuperior no currículo 242.0.CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a auto-apreciação dos alunosquanto à experiência adquirida em habilidades psicomotoras, prévia à realização doestágio em Anestesia, tende a superestimar sua competência em habilidades técnicas.Adiante, no décimo semestre, este julgamento se modifica consideravelmente: osalunos referem menor nível de experiência prévia e no estágio parecem maismotivados ao desempenho de habilidades específicas ao exercício da Anestesia

Actividades de educação ambiental realizadas pelo CCPA no decorrer da XIII Expedição Científica do Departamento de Biologia – Flores e Corvo 2007

XIII Expedição Científica do Departamento de Biologia - Flores e Corvo 2007.Tendo em conta a crescente importância da educação ambiental para a construção da cidadania, força motriz de um desenvolvimento sustentável, o Centro de Conservação e Protecção do Ambiente (CCPA) promoveu a realização de diversas actividades de cariz teórico-prático sobre questões ambientais e de valorização do património biológico, junto dos utentes da Ecoteca das Flores e dos alunos da Escola Básica Integrada das Colmeias e da Escola EB 2.3/S de Melgaço, que participaram na XIII Expedição Científica do Departamento de Biologia às ilhas das Flores e Corvo

Impact of dietary inclusion of wine and olive oil waste extracts on physiological and health status of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Aquaculture is the only way to satisfy the growing global demand for seafood without depleting natural fisheries resources. Disease outbreaks are major threats to aquaculture production. The use of antibiotics or chemotherapeutics has been a common practice to combat infectious diseases that threaten production and induce high economic losses. This practice promotes high environmental harmful impacts and risks to human health (e.g., antibiotic-resistant bacteria). Thus, the development of nutritional strategies, such as natural functional supplements (FS) that preserve fish's health and well-being while preventing potential zoonotic disease and antibiotics use, is highly recommended to achieve the economical and sustainability of aquaculture. Wine and olive oil industry by-products (such as grape marc (GM) and olive pomace (OP)) are a source of high-value bioactive molecules, such as antioxidant and phenolic compounds. Thus, the valorisation of these agro-industrial by-products into new FS for aquafeeds is of high practical interest, contributing to the circular economy. The present study aims to evaluate the prospective beneficial effects of a previous optimised antioxidant-rich extract of a GM and OP mixture (WO) on seabass physiological and health status. For this purpose, two similar plant-based diets were formulated, including 0 (control diet) and 0.4% of WO extract (WO diet), corresponding to 0 and 91.1 of total antioxidants (m TE/g diet), respectively. After feeding seabass with these diets for ten weeks, the fish haematological, biochemical and immunological were assessed. The results demonstrated that 0.4% optimised WO extract decreases the mean corpuscular volume (control 159 ±53; WO 119± 9, p=0.042) in seabass. Other immunological parameters are being performed further to understand this extract's impact on seabass health status.Project SPO3 (ref.POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030377;FCT); project InovFeed(ref. MAR02.01.01-FEAMP-0111;Mar2020)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sepsis is a major determinant of outcome in critically ill HIV/AIDS patients

Submitted by Fábio Marques ([email protected]) on 2018-11-22T17:00:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sepsis is a major determinant of outcome in HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2010.pdf: 326444 bytes, checksum: 176fa7e5a33453c31a87f95cfc16a782 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Regina Costa ([email protected]) on 2018-11-22T18:05:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sepsis is a major determinant of outcome in HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2010.pdf: 326444 bytes, checksum: 176fa7e5a33453c31a87f95cfc16a782 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-22T18:05:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sepsis is a major determinant of outcome in HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2010.pdf: 326444 bytes, checksum: 176fa7e5a33453c31a87f95cfc16a782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.New challenges have arisen for the management of critically ill HIV/AIDS patients. Severe sepsis has emerged as a common cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission for those living with HIV/AIDS. Contrastingly, HIV/AIDS patients have been systematically excluded from sepsis studies, limiting the understanding of the impact of sepsis in this population. We prospectively followed up critically ill HIV/AIDS patients to evaluate the main risk factors for hospital mortality and the impact of severe sepsis on the short- and long-term survival

Pediatricians and nutritionists knowledge about treatment of cow milk allergy in infants

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the knowledge of pediatricians and nutritionists regarding the exclusion diet of cow milk and derivates, with emphasis on questions related to the nutrition of children submitted to such diet. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that enrolled pediatricians (n=53) and nutritionists (n=29) from public hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil, during 2005. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: The age of the professionals varied from 21 to 50 years old. Regarding professional experience, 41.2% were graduated for less than five years and 91.6% had a specialization course, masters and/or PhD degree. The vast majority of professionals (97.5%) confirmed that they regularly evaluated the diet of children that needed exclusion of cow milk. However, only 48% of the professionals conducted a more detailed evaluation of the diet, including calculations of food ingestion. Only 38.7% of the professionals compared child s food ingestion with some recommended pattern. Recommendations for daily ingestion of calcium by children up to the age of 36 months were properly mentioned by 22% of the pediatricians and 60.7% of the nutritionists (p=0.001). Inadequate cow milk substitute products were recommended by 66% of the pediatricians and by 48.3% of the nutritionists. Regarding labels of industrialized products, 81.6% of the pediatricians and 96.4% of the nutritionists advised the parents to look for all terms that could indicate the presence of cow milk protein. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians and nutritionists made conceptual errors in their main recommendations regarding the treatment of cow milk protein allergy.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento de pediatras e nutricionistas sobre a dieta de exclusão do leite de vaca e seus derivados, com ênfase em questões relacionadas à nutrição da criança. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo, do qual participaram pediatras (n=53) e nutricionistas (n=29), vinculados a hospitais públicos do Município de São Paulo, no ano de 2005. Os dados foram coletados por questionário auto-administrado. RESULTADOS: A idade dos profissionais variou de 21 a 50 anos. Quanto ao tempo de graduação, 41,2% eram formados a menos de cinco anos e 91,6% possuíam especialização, mestrado e/ou doutorado. A maioria (97,5%) afirmou avaliar a dieta de crianças submetidas à exclusão do leite de vaca, entretanto, somente 48% o faziam de forma mais detalhadas, incluindo o cálculo da ingestão alimentar. Apenas 38,7% comparam a ingestão alimentar da criança com algum padrão de recomendação. A recomendação diária da ingestão de cálcio para crianças com até 36 meses foi corretamente assinalada por 22% dos pediatras e 60,7% dos nutricionistas (p=0,001). Produtos não adequados como substitutos do leite de vaca seriam recomendados por 66% dos pediatras e 48,3% dos nutricionistas. Com relação à leitura de rótulos de produtos industrializados, 81,6% dos pediatras e 96,4% dos nutricionistas orientam os pais a ler todos os termos que indicam a presença das proteínas do leite de vaca. CONCLUSÕES: Os pediatras e nutricionista demonstraram erro conceitual no que se refere às principais recomendações terapêuticas na alergia às proteínas do leite de vaca.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPUNIFESPSciEL

Bioactive bioflavonoids from Platonia insignis (bacuri) residues as added value compounds

Platonia insignis fruit, popularly known as bacuri, is traditionally used in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study determined the chemical composition and biological activities of the bacuri’s shell and seeds extracts, considered residues from its consumption and industrial uses. Four biflavonoids (GB-2a, GB-1a, morelloflavone, and volkensiflavone) were identified in the extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and liquid chromatography-solid phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-SPE-NMR) techniques. Morelloflavone was identified as the main compound in the shell ethyl acetate extract, being responsible for the high in vitro antioxidant (50% effective concentration (EC50) ranging from 8.0-10.5 µg mL−1 in different protocols), anti-glycant (80%), and moderate inhibition of nitric oxide (1.56 µg mL−1 for > 90% cell viability) activities. This extract showed promising in vivo anti-inflammatory activity evaluated through the paw edema protocol after its incorporation into a liquid-crystalline drug carrier system, reducing the edema by up to 31%. The results demonstrated the potential of the fruit for the development of drugs of natural origin and corroborated to add economic value to these discarded residues

Insulin does not stimulate β-alanine transport into human skeletal muscle

To test whether high circulating insulin concentrations influence the transport of β-alanine into skeletal muscle at either saturating or subsaturating β-alanine concentrations, we conducted two experiments whereby β-alanine and insulin concentrations were controlled. In experiment 1, 12 men received supraphysiological amounts of β-alanine intravenously (0.11 g·kg−1·min−1 for 150 min), with or without insulin infusion. β-Alanine and carnosine were measured in muscle before and 30 min after infusion. Blood samples were taken throughout the infusion protocol for plasma insulin and β-alanine analyses. β-Alanine content in 24-h urine was assessed. In experiment 2, six men ingested typical doses of β-alanine (10 mg/kg) before insulin infusion or no infusion. β-Alanine was assessed in muscle before and 120 min following ingestion. In experiment 1, no differences between conditions were shown for plasma β-alanine, muscle β-alanine, muscle carnosine and urinary β-alanine concentrations (all P > 0.05). In experiment 2, no differences between conditions were shown for plasma β-alanine or muscle β-alanine concentrations (all P > 0.05). Hyperinsulinemia did not increase β-alanine uptake by skeletal muscle cells, neither when substrate concentrations exceed the Vmax of β-alanine transporter TauT nor when it was below saturation. These results suggest that increasing insulin concentration is not necessary to maximize β-alanine transport into muscle following β-alanine intake